IL NOSTRO PROGETTO DI "MULTIDISCIPLINARIETA' ", STA DANDO I SUOI FRUTTI.
OGGI ARRICCHIAMO IL NOSTRO BLOG CON UN NUOVO CONSULENTE E COLLABORATORE, IL DOTT. MIGUEL LUNETTA, INGEGNERE E FISICO.
LA SUA QUARANTENNALE ESPERIENZA ACCADEMICA E DI RICERCA E' MOLTO IMPORTANTE PER NOI, PERCHE' DIMOSTRA CHE LA VIA CHE ABBIAMO INTRAPRESO VERSO UNA DIVULGAZIONE DELLA "CONOSCENZA" CORAGGIOSA, SCOMODA, PIENA DI DUBBI E ASSOLUTAMENTE MAI DEFINITIVA, E' FORSE QUELLA GIUSTA.
MIGUEL, HA COMBATTUTO TUTTA LA VITA NEL VERO SENSO DELLA PAROLA.
DOPO I CAMPI DI BATTAGLIA, SI E' SPOSTATO SUI CAMPI DEL DIRITTO ALLA CONOSCENZA ED A QUELLO DEI DIRITTI CIVILI, HA CONOSCIUTO LA PRIGIONIA E LA TORTURA, MA NON SI E' DATO PER VINTO MAI.
OGGI E' QUI PER TESTIMONIARLO CON UNA TEORIA ANCORA RITENUTA OSTICA, MA CHE ORMAI LA SCIENZA UFFICIALE NON PUO' PIU' IGNORARE.
MLR
Outline of solar flares and earthquakes
di: Dott.
M. Lunetta
Abstract: In this paper we traced a quick review of
historical records of global volcanic activity, where a strong correlation with
solar activity may be found. In fact,
the earthquake occur frequently in the minimum period of solar activity, as in
the last earthquake of Japan. In 2015, two orbiter will be launched, thru which
British and Russian scientists will pick up the electromagnetic signal that
announce the earthquake. The benefits of predicting earthquakes and volcanoes
eruptions are evident.
Résumé: Dans cet article nous traçons une brève
revision des documents historiques de l’activité volcanique globale, ou l’on
peut trouver une forte corrélation avec l’activité solaire. En effect, le
tremblement de terre arrive fréquemment dans le periode de activité solaire
minima, ainsi comme fut dans le dernier tremblement du Japon. Em 2015, seront
lancées deux satellites, au moyen desquels cientifiques Britanniques et Russes
capterons les rayonnement éléctromagnetiques qui annoncent le tremblement de
terre. Les avantages de prévoir tremblements de terre et des éruptions des
volcans sont évidents.
I. INTRODUCTION
α) John L.
Casey(1) released for world wide web (www) distribution an independent review
of historical records performed for 350 years of global volcanic activity
(1650-2009) and seismic (earthquake) activity for the past 300 years (1700 to
2009) within the continental United States, and then compared to the Sun’s
record of sunspots as a measure of solar activity. There exists a strong
correlation between the solar activity and the Earth largest volcanic and
seismic events. Such a tool may provide valuable method for protection of
people and property located in and around high geologic risk zones.
John L.
Casey is President of Verity Mgmt.Svcs Inc. and Director of the Space and
Science Research Center (SSRC).
From
historical record of volcanic eruptions developed by the Smithsonian Institute,
an extraction was made of all that were rated eruptions of Volcano Explosive
Index (VEI) of “5” or greater.
In the
article of Space and Science Research Center are mentioned volcanoes of greater
than or equal to VEI of 5 from 1650 to 2009. The most ancient is eruption of
Kamchatka Peninsula Shiveluch, May 1650. The most recent is eruption of Hudson,
Cerro So. Chile 1991.
β) In the
conclusions of Casey’s article it is observed that exist a strong correlation
between global volcanic activity, among the largest of classes of eruptions,
and solar activity lows. The theory of solar activity may be tool for forecast
of global volcanism.
γ) The
theory for future extended solar minimum may also be effective in forecasts of
major earthquakes in USA.
δ) The
current solar hibernation recently started may result in historic volcanic
eruptions and global scale record earthquake activity within the continental
United States.
ε)
Determination of solar activity cycles may indicate timing and intensity of
geophysical events like earthquakes and volcanism points toward possible
connection between the solar activity and the underlying causes of the
geophysical events, plate tectonics namely.
ζ) It is
expected at any time and beginning during the next twenty years of the solar
hibernation, volcanic eruptions potentially historic and new record earthquakes
are likely within the continental United States.
η) Many
authors (1-6) have studied the role of extraterrestrial factors in terrestrial
seismicity. As triggers of seismic activity have been proposed: solar proton
fluxes (7), solar and lunar tides (8), high speed solar wind (9), eastward
movement of the magnetopause as a result of increased solar wind dynamic
pressure (10).
θ) The
Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area (11) compiles
information gathered from ancient books and chronicles about earthquakes from
760 BC to 995 AD. The largest set of solar activity data is based on the
estimation of Shove (12) from records about auroras and sunspot groups visible
with naked eye, where the years of minima and maxima of the 11-year solar activity
cycles are given together with approximate values of the maxima. Shove’s data
set covers the period from 649 B.C. to present.
ι) The main
source of high-speed solar wind is solar coronal holes and coronal mass
ejections (CMEs). For the CMEs an additional factor is their size and speed.
II. EARTHQUAKE-SOLAR ACTIVITY RELATION
α) There
has been a clear correlation proved between Sun Induced Earthquake Activity and
Daily Total Earthquakes Energy Released. Patrick Geryl’s prediction of the 87
days intervals of solar storms have independently been linked. Dougstarmist.com
reported this recently and analyzed George Ure’s findings.
β) Recent
scientific research confirms a connection between high- energy charged particles in the ionosphere
and earthquakes. A study conducted in 2008 by Jann-Yeng Liu, from Center for
Space and Remote Sensing Research in Chung-Li, Taiwan, examined more than 100
earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.0 or larger in Taiwan over several decades.
The results indicate that almost all of the quakes down to a 35 Km depth were
preceded by distinct electrical disturbance in the ionosphere.
Solar
activity is picking up in the current Cycle 24. Presently (May 10), is observed
the connection between Solar Activity, Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquakes.
On April
3rd, the largest solar storm of Cycle 24, also called a coronal mass ejection
(CME) took place. The solar wind hit Earth on Monday, April 5th and sparked the
strongest geomagnetic storm of the year. The event registered a geomagnetic
index Kp7 (on a 0-9 scale). On May 5th another solar eruption came from a
spotless region near the sun’s southwestern limb, producing a bright coronal
mass ejection (CME) and came to an end on May 9th.
The solar
activity affects the Earth’s magnetic field. Some science is starting to emerge
that demonstrates a possible connection between solar activity and the Earth’s
events like earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods and storms.
γ) Thru the
relations between sunspots numbers and earthquakes (M≥6), solar 10.7 cm radio flux and earthquakes, solar proton
events and earthquakes, it has been found (13) that:
1.
Earthquakes occur frequently around the minimum years of solar activity.
2. The
earthquake frequency in the minimum years of solar activity is closely related
to the maximum annual means of sunspot numbers, the maximum annual means of
solar 10.7cm radio flux and solar proton events of whole solar cycle, and the
relation between earthquake and solar proton events is closed than others.
3. As
judged by above interrelationship, the period from 1995 to 1997 was the years
while earthquakes activity was frequent.
ε) According to the observations, prognostications, and comments by
NW7US(14) (Tomas David Hood, Propagation and Space Weather Columnist for CQ
Communication) we have “HF Conditions 2 March to 3 March 2011 Good to Poor”:
Will see a
continuation of sunspot activity, but with increased geomagnetic disturbances.
This will degrade HF communications on higher frequencies. There is a chance of
moderate X-ray flare activity, as well. The background X-ray flux will be in
the low to mid “B” range. High latitude paths will be fair if the magnetic
field remains low, but poor when the geomagnetic field is disturbed.
We are
certainly in the phase of Sunspot Cycle 24. While it has been a slow up-tick
over the last eighteen months, I expect to see a more rapid rise during mid to
late 2011.
III. EARTHQUAKE
RECENT EVENT
As we read
in 2. §γ), the
earthquakes occur frequently around the minimum years of solar activity, and
are closely related to the maximum annual means of sunspot numbers.
Within this
generic forecasting method it is obvious to register the occurrence of
earthquake and tsunami in Japan on 2011/03/14:46 LT. In Sendai, coast town at
NE of Japan disappeared 1.085 inhabitants, and 1.353 died. The government fears
that victims are more than 10 thousand.
According to
a survey of the Geological Service Research of the EUA
(USGS),
this earthquake had 8.9 degree of magnitude and it was followed by more than 20
secondary tremors, during some hours, the most of them having magnitude over
6.0. Four trains of the states of Miyagi, Iwate and Chiba disappeared under the
water. The town of Rikuzentakata was
practically destroyed by a tidal wave of 10 meters.
This
earthquake had epicenter at 380 Km at NE
of Tokyo, at 125 Km from the Japanese east coast, 10 Km deep. Just after the
earthquake, a giant wave of 10 m reached parts of NE coast (towns of Sendai,
Kesennuma, Ouahara, Yamamoto and Asahi). The Japan emitted an emergency alert
for a nuclear plant whose refrigerating system had a mechanical fault. Lately,
the Japanese government confirmed the leakage in the nuclear plant Fukushima
Daiichi N°1 and ordered the emerging retreat of residents on a ray of 10 Km
around the installations. Emergency state was declared also in nuclear plant of
Onagawa (NE).
IV. CONCLUSIONS
α) The last occurrence of earthquake (16-17) in Japan confirmed that the
rising phase of Sunspot Cycle 24 became more rapid during mid 2011 year, and
can be closely related to the minimum of solar activity. This minimum can be
observed in a coronal photo (15) of 2011/03/13,
01:13.
β) We need to pay attention to an Anglo- Russian project consisting of
two satellites to be launched in 2015(18). In recent days, was presented in
Moscow “TwinSat”, an Anglo-Russian scientific project, which should allow one
day scholars to predict where and when future earthquake will occur. British
and Russian scientists next week will work together to develop two satellites
will be launched into space in 2015ee will have the task of picking up those
electromagnetic signals that announce the earthquakes.
γ) The electromagnetic signals detected by
satellites, that have very small size, will be collected together with data
coming from the underground terrain and the scientists should be able to
understand what the notices announcing the natural earthquakes. The first two
satellites will monitor areas with high volcanic and seismic activity such as
Iceland and the Kamchatka Peninsula, a territory of 472 thousand square meters
which is located on the eastern outskirts of Russia, not far from Japan:
“Before an earthquake within the Earth
accumulates a lot of tension-all states” Independent of London Professor Alan
Smith, director of the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College
London (UCL)-. Subtle electromagnetic signals are realized and these can be
cultured in the upper atmosphere.”
ε) The project, described by Professor Smith as
“a new milestone in space cooperation
between Russia and the United Kingdom” could radically change the way we
feel as earthquakes. It is also the cheap because the cost of these small
satellites into space is not excessive:”They are incredible because you can
hold in the palm of your hand-Sammonds said Peter, a professor of Geophysics at
UCLA-.If the project is successful as we hope, will send more satellites into
space and increase coverage of areas at risk.” Vitaly Chmyrev, a professor at
the Institute of Earth Physics in Moscow, says that last year, just days before
the devastating earthquake in Haiti, the satellites were able to capture
electromagnetic signals from this area, but this were analyzed only in the
aftermath the tragedy:”Imagine if you had been able to predict this earthquake
just a few weeks ago-said the professor Chmyrev-Or if we had foreseen the
eruption of the Icelandic volcano that has paralyzed the airways for weeks.
Potential benefits, human and economic costs are enormous.”
ζ) In this moment of scientific, economic and
technologic development of the humankind,it is a paradox that political or
opportunist considerations make difficult to establish a clear strategy to
prevent all peoples from catastrophic effects of the natural disasters and to
develop all means of assistance after eventual adverse events.
The strategy that we mention must be
free of any demagogic or chauvinist intent, because the Earth and the mankind
which lives in it demand to be managed by ways supported from a mentality
radically cosmopolitan.
References:
1Casey,
John L., The existence of “Relational Cycles” of solar activity on the
multidecadal to cent-
tennial
scale, the models of climate change significant on Earth, Research Report
1-2008 January 22, 2008, Space and Science Research Center (SSRC).
2R.M.C.
Lopes, S. R. C. Malin, and A. Mazzarella, Lunar and solar triggering of
earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter, vol.99.pp.127-129,1990.
3O.A.Khachay,
On the study of a statistical association between tectonic activity and solar
activity using methods from the mathematical theory of entropy, Vulk. Seismol.,
vol.1, pp.45-51, 1994.
4A.D.
Sytinskii, Influence of interplanetary disturbances on the seismicity and
atmosphere of the Earth, Geomagn. Aeron., vol.37(2), pp.138-140, 1997.
5J. Souchay
and M. Stavinski, Study of the correlations between long-periodic terrestrial
tides and occurrence of earthquakes in the Vrances site, Earth, Moon, and
Planets, vol. 77(2), pp. 105-174, 1997.
6N. N.
Volodichev, B. M. Kuzchevskii and V. Nechav, Solar-Lunar-Terrestrial
Relationship, Peaks of Neutron Emission and Seismic Activity, Astron. Vestnik,
vol.34, pp.173-176, 2000.
7P.
Velinov, The effect of solar activity and geophysical processes, Bulg Geofiz.
Spis., vol.1, pp.51-77, 1975.
8I.
Jakubcova and M. Pick, Correlation between solar motion, earthquakes and other
geophysical phenomena, Annls. Geophys., vol.5(B), pp.135-141, 1987.
9A. D.
Sytinskii, On the relation between earthquakes and activity, Fizika Zemli, vol.
2, pp. 13-30, 1989.
10I. N.
Makarova and A. V. Shirodikov, On the connection between the Earth’s
magnetosphere-magnetopause position and the earthquakes occurrence, Abstracts
of XXVI General Assembly URS1, Toronto, Canada, August 13-21, 1999, p. 755.
11B.
Guidoboni with the collaboration of A. Comastri and G. Traina, Catalogue of
Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century, Roma,
Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica, 1995.
12D. J.
Schove, The sunspot cycle, 649 B. C. to A. D. 2000, J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 60,
pp. 127-135, 1955.
13Study:
Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, 100101 Beijing,
China.
14Tomas
David Hood, The NW7US Current Sunspot and Geophysical Activity Report.
15http://sohowww,
nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime/eit_195/1024/latest.html
16Marco Garcia/AP/AE, Tremor e tsunami arrasam Japão,
Correio da Paraíba, p. A5, 12 March 2011.
17Brasilian TV repórter, Terremoto e Tsunami no Japão, Globo
News, 11 March 2011.
18Francesco Tortora, Arriva il satellite che studia i
terremoti, Corriere della Sera, 20 February 2011.
CHI E’ MIGUEL LUNETTA:
Miguel Lunetta è nato a Caltanissetta(Sicilia) dove è
rimasto fino alla fine degli studi liceali presso l’istituto Ruggero Settimo.
Iniziati gli studi in Ingegneria Meccanica presso l’Università La
Sapienza di Roma, fu convocato al servizio militare obbligatorio e destinato al
5º Reggimento di Artiglieria di Corpo d’Armata di Pola(Istria). Con il grado di caporale fu trasferito all’accademia
di Salerno dove fu promosso sergente e, successivamente sottotenente di
Artiglieria.
Al termine della 2ª Guerra Mondiale, fu congedato con grado
di Tenente. Ripresi gli studi all’Università di Roma, si laureò in
Ingegneria Meccanica e si sposò con la biologa romana Marcella Mastrageli, dalla quale ebbe due figlie, Anna e Laura. Fu assunto, come ex-combattente, con la mansione di
assistente tecnico, al Genio Civile di Genova da dove si spostò successivamente
a Ravenna, Matera e Pisa. Da Pisa si trasferì come emigrante, col patrocinio
del CIME, in Brasile nel 1958 dove lavorò come tecnico meccanico nelle
fabbriche automobilistiche Tecnogeral, Willys Overland, Ford e Chrysler.
Conclusa a São Paulo la laurea in Física, fu ammesso come
ricercatore in Fisica Ionosférica presso la Commissione Nazionale di Attività
Spaziali (CNAE) a São José dos Campos dove frequentò i corsi di Ingegneria
Aero-Spaziale presso l’Istituto Tecnico dell’Aeronautica . Trasferito all’Istituto
di Fisica dell’Università di Brasilia
ottenne il titolo di Mestre em Ciências difendendo la tesi nella quale
le osservazioni con RIOMETRO dell’assorbimento ionosferico sono legate
all’attività solare e all’esplosione di ordigni nucleari nella ionosfera.
L’interpretazione fisica delle condizioni di propagazione
delle radioonde forniscono le previsioni dei black-out che affettano la
propagazione e la sicurezza delle comunicazioni nella navigazione aero-
spaziale.
Accusato di sovversione per aver partecipato ai movimenti
studenteschi contro la dittatura militare, fu allontanato dall’Università di
Brasilia e occupò per concorso una cattedra all’Università di Rio Claro da dove
fu nuovamente allontanato per sovversione, fu imprigionato e crudelmente bastonato, torturato e
sottoposto a elettrochoc.
Dopo 45 giorni, fu
liberato per intervento della Croce Rossa Internazionale, seguì un periodo di
recupero nel quale venne informato da un amico che era aperto In João
Pessoa (Paraíba) il concorso ad un posto di professore assistente nel Dipartimento
di Fisica dell’Università Federale (UFPB). Si spostò a João Pessoa e si
sottopose agli esami di prassi vincendo il relativo concorso ottenendo il posto
presso l’UFPB dove insegnò sino al 1981, data in cui fu collocato in pensione ,
per raggiunti limiti di età.
Durante gli ultimi 7 anni di attività accademica presso l’ UFPB,
Lunetta fu più volte sospeso dall’insegnamento per propaganda ritenuta
sovversiva. Neppure uno sciopero di fame
di 17 giorni riuscì a sensibilizzare i “baroni” del regime autoritario-
accademico della Neo-Inquisizione che, sotto il conclamato “influsso” dei
“cattolici vaticanisti” dell’UFPB, perseveravano nell’ignorare la libertà di
pensiero e il sottosviluppo del paese.
In cooperazione con
M.A.Abdu, ha pubblicato uno studio sull’ “Assorbimento Ionosferico in São José dos
Campos” nella “Revista Brasileira de Física” (1971) e, in cooperazione com A.
Teixeira e I.Wolk, il lavoro di Fisica Teorica “Pure Massless Scalar Geon” nel
Physical Review (1982).
Miguel Lunetta fondò nel 1986 il Partido Popular
Progressista(PPP) e, nel 1988, fu uno dei fondatori del Partido da
socialdemocracia Brasileira(PSDB) che ebbe nel PPP una delle sue principali
radici ideologiche.
Attualmente l’autore si dedica allo studio e alla ricerca
teorica di Cosmologia e Gravitazione, campo nel quale ha pubblicato vari
articoli nella rivista canadese Physics Essays.
http://physicsessays.org/doi/abs/10.4006/1.3253681
E' editorialista e scrive articoli di cultura e politica per i giornali Brasiliani: A Uniao, Correio Brasiliense, Correio de Paraiba, O Norte.
Ha pubblicato anche: West Atlantic Scenery: Um ano de Politica on-line, com illustracoes de Flavio Tavares 1998; Panteismo, editora Ideia -Joao Pessoa, 2009.
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